Instead, we consider a new approach based on other mathematical methods for detecting UAV anomalies without the need to first collect a large amount of data and describe normal behavior patterns. Such approaches require large amounts of data and significant “training” time to prepare and implement the system. Most methods for detecting UAV anomalies indicative of an attack use machine learning or other such methods that compare normal behavior with abnormal behavior. Here, we developed a method for detecting cyber security attacks aimed at spoofing the Global Positioning System (GPS) signal of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The results underline the need for further investigation of psychological aspects and contribute to existing discussions in the context of various threat scenarios. It was also possible to identify voluntariness in the use of related technologies, the age of the users, and the relevance of self-determination as essential variables in the context of GNSS use. In terms of reported GNSS dependency, negative correlations were found with self-assessed orientation ability. Correlation analyses showed that the frequency of GNSS use was associated with both effort expectation of appropriate technologies, hedonistic motivation, habits of using GNSS-enabled devices, and specific aspects of mobility. In addition, frequently emphasized factors influencing acceptance and use of diverse technologies were recorded according to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT Venkatesh et al., 2003). A total of n = 122 subjects participated in an online survey, which included scales and specifically constructed items on GNSS usage, acceptance, dependence, and self-assessed sense of direction and relevance of basic psychological needs. Navigation through global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) has become an indispensable part of modern life with threats such as GNSS interference, making it necessary to uncover relevant psychological aspects in the context of the GNSS construct, diverse interference events, and the use of related technologies. Nonetheless, these improvements will have a great impact on the availability and level of service achieved by satellite navigation, in particular enabling worldwide coverage of vertical guidance. Despite these developments, satellite navigation is inherently vulnerable to radio-frequency interference so that backup navigation systems are still necessary. This will be followed by a description of the upcoming changes to satellite navigation, which include the launch of new constellations and the introduction of new civil signals. Then, we will describe the current techniques that enable satellite navigation for aviation and the level of performance they achieve today. We will start by reviewing the challenges that must be addressed by satellite navigation for aircraft guidance. In this paper, we attempt to predict the state of satellite navigation in the next 15 years. In the last ten years, the capabilities of satellite navigation have been expanded to more demanding phases of flight, in particular vertical guidance down to 200 ft, thanks to the implementation of augmentation systems. Satellite navigation has been used for aircraft navigation for more than 50 years.
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